EXMAR report 2025

5.2 Consolidated financial statements 190 D. USE OF JUDGEMENTS AND ESTIMATES The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses, the accompanying disclosures and the disclosure of contingent liability. The estimates and related assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and the underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision only affects that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods, if the revision affects both current and future periods. Judgements In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have a significant impact on the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements: Assessment of exercising purchase options Determining whether EXMAR will exercise purchase options on financed assets requires judgment and impacts the useful life of the related assets. All facts and circumstances relevant to the assessment are considered. Estimates and assumptions The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Group based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the consolidated financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond control of the Group. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur. Impairment of vessels and barges The Group reviews the carrying amount of each vessel for potential impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a specific vessel may not be fully recoverable. The recoverable amount is the highest of the fair value less cost to sell and the value in use. The fair value less cost to sell is determined based upon independent valuation reports. The Group engages two independent valuation specialists to assess fair values at reporting date. The carrying values of the vessels may not represent the fair market value at any point in time since the market prices of second-hand vessels tend to fluctuate with changes in charter rates and the cost of new buildings. Historically, both charter rates and vessel values tend to be cyclical. The value in use is based upon future cash flows discounted to their present value. In developing estimates of future cash flows, management makes assumptions about expected operation date (in case of temporarily unemployed vessels), future charter rates, ship operating expenses, the estimated remaining useful lives of the fleet and the WACC. These assumptions are based on historical trends as well as future expectations. Although management believes that the assumptions used to evaluate potential impairment are reasonable and appropriate, such assumptions are highly subjective. We refer to Note 13 - Vessels and barges for additional information on the assumptions applied at year-end. Climate change and sustainability related developments Climate related matters and measures such as the introduction of emission reduction legislation may have a significant impact on the EXMAR business and its customers. EXMAR is closely monitoring current developments and measures related to climate change and sustainability (see also section 3 of this annual report) and believes these currently do not result in fundamentally changed expectations regarding useful lives or recoverability of our fleet. In the sensitivity analysis of the annual impairment test of vessels and barges, the age and emission rating of each particular asset was considered. E. GEOPOLITICAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES Having assessed the current status of the tariffs applicable in several jurisdictions, imposed by or agreed with the United States of America, EXMAR came to the conclusion that there will not be any material adverse impact on EXMAR'S financial results.