EXMAR report 2025

1.3 Our roots and our businesses 20 LNG VALUE CHAIN Upstream market Upstream market Midstream market Midstream market Downstream market Downstream market Gasfield and processing facility Gasfield and processing facility To pipeline system To pipeline system LNG storage tank Vaporizers FSRU barge Liquefaction facility FLNG barge End user End user LNG storage tank LNG tanker LNG tanker Source: EXMAR EXMAR has ordered four newbuild ammonia carriers of 46,000 m³ for delivery in 2026. All four vessels will be fitted with a dual-fuel ammonia engine. These vessels will enable almost zero CO 2 emissions during transportation. 1.3.3.3 PETROCHEMICAL GASES Also depicted in the LPG value chain infographic, petrochemical gases are produced at the end of the petrochemical flow and derived from the steam- cracking process of oil and gas. These gases mainly consist of ethylene and propylene, which are used to make various polymers and plastics. VCM (Vinyl Chloride Monomer) and Crude C4s are mainly used to produce PVC and rubber products, respectively. 1.3.3.4 LNG (LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS) LNG can be defined as natural gas that has been cooled down to liquid form, reducing it to one six-hundredth of its original volume at minus 162 degrees Celsius. Natural gas is used to produce electricity and serves as an industrial feedstock for fertilizers and a wide range of plastics but can also be deployed for heating in commercial or residential settings. LNG carriers have been designed with special insulation, forming their own LNG shipping segment.